Global Benefit References Listed Below

Global Overview

Information extracted from: ISAAA Brief 54: Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2018 (Executive Summary, Press Release and Infographic)

On the 23rd year of commercialization of biotech/GM crops in 2018, 26 countries grew 191.7 million hectares of biotech crops – an increase of 1.9 million hectares (4.7 million acres) or 1% from 189.8 million hectares in 2017. Except for the 2015 adoption, this is the 22nd series of increases every single year; and notably 12 of the 18 years with double-digit growth rates. This makes biotech crops the fastest adopted crop technology in recent times. An accumulated 2.5 billion hectares or 6.3 billion acres were achieved in 23 years (1996-2018) of biotech crop commercialization

The average biotech crop adoption rate in the top five biotech crop-growing countries increased in 2018 to reach close to saturation, with USA at 93.3% (average for soybeans, maize, and canola adoption), Brazil (93%), Argentina (~100%), Canada (92.5%), and India (95%). Expansion of biotech crop areas in these countries would be through immediate approval and commercialization of new biotech crops and traits to target problems related to climate change and the emergence of new pests and diseases.

The four major biotech crops — soybeans, maize, cotton, and canola — in decreasing area, were the most adopted biotech crops by the 26 countries. Based on the 2017 FAO global crop area for individual crops, 78% of soybeans, 76% of cotton, 30% of maize, and 29% of canola were biotech crops in 2018.

Biotech crops however have expanded beyond the big four (maize, soybeans, cotton, and canola) to give more choices for many of the world’s consumers and food producers. These biotech crops include alfalfa, sugar beets, papaya, squash, eggplant, potatoes, and apples, all of which are already in the market.

Various trait combinations have also been also approved including high oleic acid canola, isoxaflutole herbicide tolerant (HT) cotton, stacked herbicide tolerant and high oleic acid soybean, HT and salt tolerant soybean, IR sugarcane, and biotech maize with various IR/HT combinations in stack.

The stacked traits with insect resistance and herbicide tolerance increased by 4% and covered 42% of the global area, a testimony to farmers’ adherence to smart agriculture with no till and reduced insecticide use. Herbicide tolerance in soybeans, canola, maize, alfalfa, and cotton has consistently been the dominant trait, which in 2018 covered 46% of the global area – a decrease of 1% compared to 2017.

The ISAAA report also highlighted the following key findings:

• The top 5 countries with the largest area of biotech crops planted (USA, Brazil, Argentina, Canada, and India) collectively occupied 91% of the global biotech crop area.
• Biotech soybeans reached the highest adoption worldwide, covering 50% of the global biotech crop area.
• The area of biotech crops with stacked traits continued to increase and occupied 42% of the global biotech area.
• Farmers in 10 Latin American countries planted 79.4 million hectares of biotech crops.
• Nine countries in Asia and the Pacific planted 19.13 million hectares of biotech crops.
• In Asia, Indonesia planted for the first time a drought tolerant sugarcane developed through a public (University of Jember) and private (Ajinomoto Ltd.) partnership.
• The Kingdom of eSwatini (formerly Swaziland) joined South Africa and Sudan in planting biotech crops in Africa, with the introduction of IR cotton. Nigeria, Ethiopia, Kenya and Malawi granted approvals for planting IR cotton opening Africa to biotech crop adoption.
• In Europe, Spain and Portugal continued to adopt biotech maize to control European corn borer.
• More area planted to biotech crops for farmer and consumer needs included potatoes with non-bruising, non-browning, reduced acrylamide and late blight resistant traits; non-browning apples; insect resistant eggplant; and low lignin alfalfa, among others.
• New crops and trait combinations in farmer fields include insect resistant and drought tolerant sugarcane; high oleic acid canola and safflower.
• Various food, feed and processing approvals for Golden Rice, Bt rice, herbicide tolerant cotton, low gossypol cotton, among others.
• Cultivation approvals for planting in 2019 include new generation herbicide tolerant cotton and soybean, low gossypol cotton, RR and low lignin alfalfa, omega-3 canola, and IR cowpea, among others.

Key reference:

Brief 54: Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2018

The CropLife International Biotechnology Database – Global Benefits

This database contains 256 scientific studies providing an overview of the impacts of agricultural biotechnology.

1. Improvement of Soybean Crop for Yield, Stress Tolerance, and Value-Added Products Using a Transgenic Approach
   (2023) Shelke DB, Chambhare MR, Nikalje GC, Nikam TD
2. Genetically Modified (GM) Crop Use 1996-2020: Environmental Impacts Associated with Pesticide Use CHANGE
   (2022) Brookes G
3. Farm income and production impacts from the use of genetically modified (GM) crop technology 1996-2020
   (2022) Brookes G
4. The Role of Genetically-Modified (GM) Crops in Food Security
   (2022) Rasheed M, Awais M, Khalid M, Sohail A
5. Farm income and production impacts from the use of genetically modified (GM) crop technology 1996-2020
   (2022) Brookes G
6. Genetically Modified Crops to Combat Climate Change and Environment Protection: Current Status and Future Perspectives
   (2022) Kapoor RT
7. The role of genetic breeding in food security: A review
   (2022) Sam EB, Odoom DA, Mensah C
8. Does the growing of Bt maize change abundance or ecological function of non-target animals compared to the growing of non-GM maize? A systematic review
   (2022) Meissle M, Naranjo SE, Romeis J
9. Economic Impacts of Commercialization of Genetically Modified Crops in China
   (2022) Liao W
10. Myths and Realities about Genetically Modified Food: A Risk-Benefit Analysis
    (2022) Rodriquez AV, Rodríguez-Oramas C, Velázquez ES, Hardisson de la Torre A, Armendáriz CR, Iruzubieta CC
11. Myths and Realities about Genetically Modified Food: A Risk-Benefit Analysis
    (2022) Rodriguez AV, Rodríguez-Oramas C, Velázquez ES, Hardisson de la Torre A, Armendáriz CR, Iruzubieta CC
12. Assessment of Biofortification Approaches Used to Improve Micronutrient-Dense Plants That Are a Sustainable Solution to Combat Hidden Hunger
    (2022) Koç E, Karayiğit B
13. Biofortified maize: Cornerstone in plant breeding to combat hidden hunger in developing countries
    (2021) Gautam D, Shrestha B, Subedi B
14. The climate benefits of yield increases in genetically engineered crops
    (2021) Kovak E, Qaim M, Blaustein-Rejto D
15. Economic Impacts of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) Cotton
    (2021) Tokel D, Genc B N, Ozygit II
16. The effect of Bt crops on soil invertebrates: a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis
    (2020) Krogh PH, Kostov K, Damgaard CF
17. The effect of Bt crops on soil invertebrates: a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis
    (2020) Krogh PH, Kostov K, Damgaard CF
18. The effect of Bt crops on soil invertebrates: a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis
    (2020) Krogh PH, Kostov K, Damgaard CF
19. Major Achievements of Plant Biotechnology in Crop Improvements
    (2020) Babiye B, Haile G, Adamu M
20. Incorporating Biotechnology for Sustainable Farming: Case Study on Developing and Developed Country (Indonesia-Australia)
    (2020) Hervani A
21. Biofortification to Improve Nutrition: A Review
    (2020) Agrawal N, Upadhyay P, Tigadi SB
22. Brief 55: Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2019
    (2020) ISAAA
23. Role of New Plant Breeding Technologies for Food Security and Sustainable Agricultural Development
    (2020) Qaim M
24. Does long‐term Bt rice planting pose risks to spider communities and their capacity to control planthoppers?
    (2020) Lu Z, Dang C, wang F, Liu Z, Chen J, Wang Y, Yao H, Fang Q, Peng Y, Gatehouse AMR, Hua H, Ye G
25. Genetically modified organisms and food security in Southern Africa: conundrum and discourse
    (2020) Muzhinji N, Ntuli V
26. GM crop technology use 1996-2018: farm income and production impacts
    (2020) Brookes G, Barfoot P
27. Environmental impacts of genetically modified (GM) crop use 1996–2018: impacts on pesticide use and carbon emissions
    (2020) Brookes G, Barfoot P
28. Adoption of Genetically Engineered Crops in the U.S
    (2020) USDA
29. Recommendations for Assessing Human Dietary Exposure to Newly Expressed Proteins in Genetically Modified Crops
    (2020) Mathesium CA, Sauve-Ciencewicki A, Anderson J, Cleveland C, Fleming C, Frierdich GE, Goodwin L, Grunenwald M, Laporte F, Lipscomb EA., Oberdoerfer R, Petrick JS, Bauman PA
30. Genetic strategies for improving crop yields
    (2019) Bailey-Serres J, Parker JE, Ainsworth EA, Oldroyd GED, Schroeder JI
31. Grain Yield Increase – a Role for Genetic Modification?
    (2019) Beyer P
32. The human health benefits from GM crops
    (2020) Smyth SJ
33. Regulation of Synthetic Biology: Developments Under the Convention on Biological Diversity and Its Protocols
    (2020) Keiper F, Atanassova A
34. Bt Brinjal in Bangladesh: The First Genetically Engineered Food Crop in a Developing Country
    (2019) Shelton AM, Hossain J, Paranjape V, Prodhan ZH, Azad AK, Majumder R, Sarwer SH, Hossain A
35. Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2018
    (2019) ISAAA
36. Responses of soil enzymatic activities to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops – A global meta-analysis
    (2019) Li Z, Cui J, Mi Z, Tian D, Wang J, Ma Z, Wang B, Chen HYH, Niu S
37. Genetically engineered crops help support conservation biological control
    (2019) Romeis J, Naranjo SE, Meissle M, Shelton AM
38. Global Status of Genetically Modified Crops and Its Commercialization
    (2019) Chaudhary G, Singh SK
39. Genetically engineered crops help support conservation biological control
    (2019) Romeis J, Naranjo SE, Meissle M, Shelton AM
40. Health effects of feeding genetically modified (GM) crops to livestock animals: A review
    (2018) de Vos CJ, Swanenburg M
41. Farm Finance and Conservation
    (2018) Monast M, Sands L, Grafton A
42. Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops in 2017: Biotech Crop Adoption Surges as Economic Benefits Accumulate in 22 Years
    (2018) James C
43. Farm income and production impacts of using GM crop technology 1996–2016
    (2018) Brookes G, Barfoot P
44. Contributions of biotechnology to meeting future food and environmental security needs
    (2018) Gartland KMA, Gartland JS
45. Biotech crop planting resumes high adoption in 2016
    (2018) Aldemita RR, Hautea RA
46. The influence of regular and genetically modified soybeans on postnatal development of rats
    (2018) Omelchenko NN, Dronik GV, Winkler IA, Rogozynskyi MS, Kucheriava VA
47. Impact of genetically engineered maize on agronomic, environmental and toxicological traits: a meta-analysis of 21 years of field data
    (2018) Pellegrino E, Bedini S, Nuti M, Ercoli L
48. The contribution of glyphosate to agriculture and potential impact of restrictions on use at the global level
    (2017) Brookes G, Taheripour F, Tyner WE
49. Biotechnology for Farmers Welfare and Poverty Reduction: Technologies, Impact and Policy Framework
    (2017) Chandrasekhara RN
50. Food and Feed Safety of Genetically Engineered Food Crops
    (2017) Delaney B, Goodman RE, Ladics GS
51. Society of Toxicology – Food and Feed Safety of Genetically Engineered Food Crops
    (2017)
52. Food and Feed Safety of Genetically Engineered Food Crops
    (2017) Delaney B, Goodman RE, Ladics GS
53. Future threats to biodiversity and pathways to their prevention
    (2017) Tilman D, Clark M, Williams DR, Kimmel K, Polasky S, Packer C
54. An overview of agriculture, nutrition and fortification, supplementation and biofortification: Golden Rice as an example for enhancing micronutrient intake
    (2017) Dubock A
55. An overview of the last 10 years of crop safety research
    (2013) Nicolia A, Manzo A, Veronesi F, Rosellini D
56. Standards for plant synthetic biology: a common syntax for exchange of DNA parts, New Phytologist 208:13–19.
    (2015) Patron NJ, Orzaez D, Marillonnet S, Warzecha H, Matthewman C, Youles M, Raitskin O, Leveau A, Rogers C, Smith A, Hibberd J, Webb AA, Locke J, Schornack S, Ajioka J, Baulcombe DC, Zipfel C, Kamoun S, Jones JD, Kuhn H, Robatzek S, Van Esse HP, Sanders D, Oldroyd G, Martin C, Field R, O'Connor S, Fox S, Wulff B, Miller B, Breakspear A, Radhakrishnan G, Delaux PM, Loque D, Granell A, Tissier A, Shih P, Brutnell TP, Quick WP, Rischer H, Fraser PD, Aharoni A, Raines C, South PF, Ané JM, Hamberger BR, Langdale J, Stougaard J, Bouwmeester H, Udvardi M, Murray JA, Ntoukakis V, Schäfer P, Denby K, Edwards K, Osbourn A, Haseloff J
57. Future Prospects for Industrial Biotechnology
    (2011) OECD
58. Ecological impacts of Bt transgenic cabbage expressing Cry1Ac1 protein on non-target arthropod species
    (2017) Kim Y-J
59. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and Environment
    (2016) Gupta R, Singh RL
60. The allergenicity of genetically modified foods from genetically engineered crops: A narrative and systematic review
    (2017) Dunn SE, Vicini JL, Glenn KC, Fleischer DM, Greenhawt MJ
61. Evaluation of phenotype stability and ecological risk of a genetically engineered alga in open pond production
    (2017) Szjka SJ, Mandal S, Schoepp NG, Tyler BM, Yohn CB, Poon YS, Villareal S, Burkhart MD, Shurin JB
62. GM crops: global socio-economic and environmental impacts 1996-2015
    (2017) Brookes G, Barfoot P
63. Farm income and production impacts of using GM crop technology 1996–2015
    (2017) Brookes G, Barfoot P
64. Characterization of scientific studies usually cited as evidence of adverse effects of GM food/feed.
    (2017) Sánchez MA, Parrott WA
65. Assessing the potential economic benefits to farmers from various GM crops becoming available in the European Union by 2025: Results from an expert survey
    (2017) Jones PJ, McFarlane ID, Park JR, Tranter RB
66. Transgenic Strategies for Enhancement of Nematode Resistance in Plants
    (2017) Ali MA, Azeem F, Abbas A, Joyia FA, Li H, Dababat AA
67. Environmental impacts of genetically modified (GM) crop use 1996–2015: Impacts on pesticide use and carbon emissions
    (2017) Brookes G, Barfoot P
68. Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2016
    (2017) James C
69. The social and economic impact of biofortification through genetic modification
    (2017) De Steur H, Demont M, Gellynck X, Stein AJ
70. The Socio-economic Impacts of GM Cotton in Burkina Faso: Does Farm Structure Affect How Benefits are Distributed?
    (2016) Vitale J, Vognan G, Vitale PP
71. Evaluation of Economic, Land Use, and Land-use Emission Impacts of Substituting Non-GMO Crops for GMO in the United States
    (2016) Taheripour F, Mahaffey H, Tyner WE
72. Does Bt rice pose risks to non-target arthropods? Results of a meta-analysis in China
    (2017) Dang C, Lu Z, Wang L, Chang X, wang F, Yao H, Peng Y, Stanley D, Ye G
73. The success story of Bt cotton in Burkina Faso: a role model for sustainable cotton production in other cotton-growing countries?
    (2016) Pertry I, Sanou IRE, Speelman S, Ingelbrecht I
74. Do genetically modified plants affect adversely on soil microbial communities?
    (2016) Zheng-jun G, Shun-bao L, Yan-lin H, Zheng-Ping G, Biao L, Wei W
75. Genetically modified organisms: a solution to food security and environment
    (2016) Furqan K, Asim H
76. The Adoption of Genetically Engineered Alfalfa, Canola and Sugarbeets in the United States
    (2016) Fernandez-Cornejo J, Wechsler SJ, Milkove D
77. The Future of Genetically Modified Crops: Reflections on the NAS Report
    (2016) Kumar A
78. The socioeconomics of genetically modified biofortified crops: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    (2016) De Steur H, Wesana J, Blancquaert D, Van Der Straeten D
79. Twenty Years of GM crops in Argentine Agriculture
    (2016) Trigo EJ
80. Bt cotton in India, pesticide use and environmental impact in India
    (2016) Saravanan S
81. The potential of using biotechnology to improve cassava: a review
    (2016) Chavarriaga-Aguirre P, Brand A, Medina A, Prias M, Escobar R, Martinez J, Diaz P, Lopez C, Roca WM, Tohme J
82. Biotechnology: A Growing Field in the Developing World
    (2016) CAS-TWAS CoEBio
83. Agricultural biotechnology and crop productivity: macro-level evidences on contribution of Bt cotton in India
    (2016) Srivastava SK, Kolady D
84. Development and Adoption of Bt Cotton in India : Economic, Environmental and Health Issues
    (2016) Mohanasundaram V
85. GMOs and the issue of coexistence in Italy
    (2016) Covino D
86. Genetically Engineered Crops: Experiences and Prospects (2016)
    (2016)
87. The Adoption and Impact of Genetically Modified (GM) Crops in Australia: 20 years’ experience
    (2016) Brookes G
88. Success of transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.): Fiction or reality?
    (2016) Ali Noman A, Bashir R, Aqeel M, Anwer S, Iftikhar W, Zainab M, Zafar S, Khan S, Islam W, Adnan M
89. Evaluating the Economic and Environmental Impacts of a Global GMO Ban
    (2016) Mahaffey H, Taheripour F, Tyner WE
90. Advances of transgenic Bt-crops in insect pest management: An overview
    (2016) Mabubu JI, Nawaz M, Hua H
91. Genetically Engineered Crops: Experiences and Prospects (2016)
    (2016) National Academy of Sciences Engineering Medicine
92. Crop and food development through modern biotechnology techniques in Central America
    (2016) Garro-Monge G
93. GM crops: global socio-economic and environmental impacts 1996-2014
    (2016) Brookes G, Barfoot P
94. Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2015
    (2016) James C
95. Risk assessment of Bt crops on the non-target plant-associated insects and soil organisms
    (2016) Husnain T, Khan MAU, Mirza SA, Rao AQ, Samiullah TR, Shahid AA, Tahir S, Yaqoob A
96. Global Adoption of Genetically Modified (GM) Crops: Challenges for the Public Sector.
    (2016) Andres D, Braverman MP, Burns A, Eloff JN, Felsot AS, Harrigan GG, Hellmich RL, Huesing JE, Jansen van Rijssen W, Morris EJ, Reynolds A, Shelton AM
97. Global Pipeline of GM Crops out to 2020
    (2016) Parisi C, Rodríguez-Cerezo E, Tillie P
98. Global economic, environmental and health benefits from GM crop adoption
    (2015) Kerr WA, Phillips PWB, Smyth SJ
99. Attitudes in China about Crops and Foods Developed by Biotechnology
    (2015) Cheng J, Han F, Liu X, Shelton AM, Zhang Q, Zhou D
100. The development and status of Bt rice in China
     (2015) Hallerman EM, Li Y, Liu Q, Peng Y, Wu K
101. The Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bt Transgenics on Parasitoids during Biological Control
     (2015) Mathew IL, Singh D
102. Food in a future of 10 billion
     (2015) Pugh E
103. Trends in Global Approvals of Biotech Crops (1992–2014)
     (2015) Aldemita RR, Reaño IME, Solis RO
104. The food and environmental safety of Bt crops
     (2015) Baum JA, Koch MS, Levine SL, Vicini JL Hammond BG, Ward JM
105. Environmental impacts of genetically modified (gm) crop use 1996-2013: impacts on pesticide use and carbon emissions
     (2015) Barfoot P, Brookes G
106. GM crops: global socio-economic and environmental impacts 1996-2013
     (2015) Barfoot P, Brookes G
107. Transgenic crops with an improved resistance to biotic stresses. A review
     (2015) Khosravi S, Tohidfar M
108. Global Income and Production Impacts of Using GM Crop Technology 1996–2013
     (2015) Barfoot P, Brookes G
109. Next biotech plants: new traits, crops, developers and technologies for addressing global challenges
     (2015) Henard-Damave M-C, Ricroch AE
110. Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2014
     (2015) James C
111. Agricultural Biotechnology – An Opportunity to Feed a World of Ten Billion
     (2014) Fedoroff NV, Kershen DL
112. Weed control changes and genetically modified herbicide tolerant crops in the USA 1996-2012
     (2014) Brookes G
113. Yield and economic performance of the use of GM cotton worldwide over time : A review and meta-analysis
     (2014) Gong W, Li Y, Mao S, Wei X, Witjaksono J, Yuan Y
114. A Meta-Analysis of the Impacts of Genetically Modified Crops
     (2014) Klumper W, Qaim M
115. The impact of possible climate changes on developing countries: The needs for plants tolerant to abiotic stresses
     (2014) Abdallah A, Moses V, Prakash CS
116. Adoption of Genetically Engineered Crops in the U.S.
     (2014) USDA
117. GM Science Update – A report to the Council for Science and Technology
     (2014) Council for Science and Technology
118. Planting the future: opportunities and challenges for using crop genetic improvement technologies for sustainable agriculture
     (2013) EASAC
119. Modelling ex-ante the economic and environmental impacts of Genetically Modified Herbicide Tolerant maize cultivation in Europe
     (2014) Dillen K, Redriguez-Cerezo E, Tillie P
120. Genetically Engineered Crops in the United States
     (2014) Fernandez-Cornejo J, Livingstone M, Mitchell L, Wechsler SJ
121. Key global environmental impacts of genetically modified (GM) crop use 1996-2012.
     (2014) Barfoot P, Brookes G
122. BT cotton in India…a success story for the environment and local welfare
     (2013) VIB
123. Herbicide resistant soybean in Argentina
     (2013) VIB
124. Virus resistant papaya in Hawaii – the local papaya industry’s life raft
     (2014) VIB
125. Genetically Engineered Crops in the United States
     (2014) Fernandez-Cornejo J, Livingstone M, Mitchell L, Wechsler SJ
126. Economic impact of GM crops: The global income and production effects 1996–2012
     (2014) Barfoot P, Brookes G
127. Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2013
     (2013) James C
128. The socio-economic impacts of currently commercialised genetically engineered crops
     (2013) Carpenter JE
129. Plant biotechnology – current status and future perspectives
     (2013) ManTong M
130. Biotechnology and Agriculture
     (2013) Ayobami AS, Valesca A, Vasco A, Vidal BF
131. A Look at Product Development with Genetically Modified Crops: Examples from Maize
     (2013) Mumm RH
132. Report of the Round Table for Biotechnology in Cotton
     (2013) ICAC
133. The role of biofortification in the reduction of micronutrient food insecurity in developing countries
     (2013) Ngozi UF
134. The global income and production effects of genetically modified (GM) crops 1996–2011
     (2013) Barfoot P, Brookes G
135. Engineering insect-resistant crops: A review
     (2013) George DGM
136. Global Socio-Economic and Environmental Dimensions of GM Maize Cultivation
     (2013) Lakner Z, Popp J
137. Biotech crops: Imperative for achieving the Millenium Development Goals and sustainability of agriculture in the climate change era
     (2013) Husaini AM, Tuteja N
138. Global value of GM rice: a review of expected agronomic and consumer benefits
     (2013) Dermont M, Stein AJ
139. GM crops 1996-2012: A review of agronomic, environmental and socio-economic impacts
     (2013) Morse S, Mannion AM
140. Safety assessment of food and feed from biotechnology-derived crops employing RNA-mediated gene regulation to achieve desired traits: A scientific review
     (2013) Brower-Toland B, Jackson AL, Kier LD, Petrick JS
141. Key environmental impacts of global genetically modified (GM) crop use 1996–2011
     (2013) Barfoot P, Brookes G
142. Can the world afford to ignore biotechnology solutions that address food insecurity?
     (2013) Arjo G, Bai C, Banakar R, Bassie L, Berman J, Capell T, Christou P, Farre G, Masip G, Miralpeix, Perez-Massot E, Sabalza M, Sanahuja G, Twyman RM, Vamvaka E, Zhu C, Zorrilla-Lopez U
143. Unintended Compositional Changes in Genetically Modified (GM) Crops: 20 Years of Research
     (2013) Herman RA, Price WD
144. Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2012
     (2013) James C
145. The Commercial Benefits from Crop Biotechnology in Brazil: 1996/97 – 2011/12
     (2012) Anonymous
146. Biotechnology in agriculture: Agronomic and environmental considerations and reflections based on 15 years of GM crops
     (2012) Mannion AM, Morse S
147. Impact of Genetically Modified Maize on Smallholder Risk in South Africa
     (2012) Dalton TJ, Regier GK, Williams JR
148. Bt Cotton Adoption: A Double-hurdle Approach for North Indian Farmers
     (2012) Bauer S, Mal P, Reza Anik A, Schmitz PM
149. Biotech crops: Imperative for achieving the Millenium Development Goals and sustainability of agriculture in the climate change era
     (2013) Husaini AM, Tuteja N
150. Economic and Environmental Impact Transgenically Modified Cotton Comparative with Synthetic Chemicals for Insect Control
     (2012) Alejandro J, Greenberg S, Setamou M
151. Economic and agronomic impact of commercialized GM crops: a meta-analysis
     (2012) Areal FJ, Riesgo L, Rodriguez-Cerezo E
152. Transgenic Vegetable Breeding for Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits
     (2012) Dias JS, Ortiz R
153. The benefits of herbicide-resistant crops
     (2012) Green JM
154. Studies on feeds from genetically modified plants (GMP) – Contributions to nutritional and safety assessment
     (2007) Flachowsky G, et al.
155. Assessment of the health impact of GM plant diets in long-term and multigenerational animal feeding trials: A literature review
     (2012) Snell C, et al.
156. Genetically Modified Crops: Insect Resistance
     (2012) Karthikeyan A, et al.
157. Toward two decades of plant biotechnology: successes, failures, and prospects. Food and Energy Security
     (2012) Halford NG
158. GM Crops: Reaping the benefits, but not in Europe – Socio-economic impacts of agricultural biotechnology
     (2012) EuropaBio
159. The Design and Implementation of Insect Resistance Management Programs for Bt Crops
     (2012) Greenplate J, Head GP
160. GM crops: global socio-economic and environmental impacts 1996-2010
     (2012) Barfoot P, Brookes G
161. GM as a route for delivery of sustainable crop protection
     (2011) Bruce TJA
162. Use and Impact of Bt Maize
     (2012) Hellmich KA, Hellmich RL
163. Global capture of crop biotechnology in developing world over a decade
     (2011) Adenle AA
164. The potentials of agricultural biotechnology for food security and economic empowerment in Nigeria
     (2012) Ajogwu FE, Ohikere JZ
165. Agriculture biotechnologies in developing countries: Options and opportunities in crops, forestry, livestock, fisheries and agro-industry to face the challenges of food insecurity and climate change.
     (2011) FAO
166. The Commercial Benefits from Crop Biotechnology in Brazil: 1996/97 to 2010/11
     (2012) Anonymous
167. Grand Challenges in Plant Biotechnology
     (2012) Kossmann J
168. Coexistence of Genetically Modified Crops with Conventional and Organic Agriculture in the European Union
     (2011) Chiarabolli A
169. Commercializing genetically modified crops under EU regulations
     (2012) Poppy GM, Raybould A
170. A primer for using transgenic insecticidal cotton in developing countries
     (2009) Showalter AM, et al.
171. Technological Abundance for Global Agriculture: The Role of Biotechnology
     (2012) Juma C
172. Non-target risk assessment of Bt crops – Cry protein uptake by aphids
     (2011) Meissle M, Romeis J
173. Impact of Bt Cotton, the Potential Future Benefits from Biotechnology in China and India
     (2011) Hu R, Huang J, Nagarajan L, Pray CE, Ramaswami B
174. Status of Biotechnology in Eastern and Central Africa
     (2011) Mtui GWS
175. Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops:2011
     (2012) James C
176. Cotton, Biotechnology, and Economic Development
     (2011) Baffes J
177. Agricultural Biotechnology: Benefits, Opportunities, and Leadership
     (2011) Juma C
178. Agricultural biotechnology and smallholder farmers in developing countries
     (2011) Anthony VM, Ferroni M
179. Assessment of the health impact of GM plant diets in long-term and multigenerational animal feeding trials: A literature review
     (2011) Snell C, et al.
180. Preventing Hunger: Biotechnology is Key
     (2011) Juma C
181. Modern Biotechnology – Potential Contribution and Challenges for Sustainable Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa
     (2011) Morris JE
182. Establishing a biotech-modern-agriculture for China
     (2011) Zhang Z, et al.
183. Assessment of the economic performance of GM crops worldwide
     (2011) Kaphengst T, et al.
184. GM crops: Reaping the benefits, but not in Europe – Socio-economic impacts of agricultural biotechnology
     (2011) EuropaBio
185. 15 Years of Genetically Modified Crops in Argentine Agriculture
     (2011) Trigo EJ
186. Agricultural Biotechnologies for Food Security and Sustainable Development: Options for Developing Countries and Priorities for Action by the International Community
     (2010) FAO
187. The income and production effects of biotech crops globally 1996-2009
     (2011) Barfoot P, Brookes G
188. Adoption of GMHT crops: Coexistence policy consequences in the European Union
     (2011) Areal FJ, et al.
189. Prospects for Development of Genetically Modified Cassava in Sub-Saharan Africa
     (2010) Takeshima H
190. Biotechnology and food security in developing countries
     (2010) Omotor DG, Tonukari NJ
191. The past, present and future of crop genetic modification.
     (2010) Fedoroff N
192. Risk assessment and ecological effects of transgenic Bt crops on non-target organisms
     (2011) Li Y, Wu K, Yu H
193. Plant genetics, sustainable agriculture and global food security.
     (2011) Ronald P
194. The trends and future of biotechnology crops for insect pest control
     (2011) DeVilliers SM, Hoisington DA
195. The impact of the EU regulatory constraint of transgenic crops on farm income.
     (2011) Park JR, et al.
196. The role of biotechnology in ensuring food security and sustainable agriculture
     (2010) Abah J, Ishaq MN
197. The role of transgenic crops in sustainable development.
     (2011) Park JR, et al.
198. GM crops in Ethiopia: a realistic way to increase agricultural performance?
     (2011) Azadi H, et al.
199. Bacillus thuringiensis: a century of research, development and commercial applications
     (2011) Sanahuja G, et al.
200. The economics of BT cotton production in India–a meta analysis
     (2010) Chakraborty K.
201. Socio-economic impacts of GM crop technology: ‘second round’ impacts
     (2009) Brookes G
202. Genetically Engineering Crops for a Sustainable Agriculture
     (2010) Ervin D, Welsh R
203. Agricultural Biotechnology Can Help Mitigate Climate Change
     (2010) Sexton S, Zilberman D.
204. Sustainability of current GM crop cultivation
     (2011) Franke AC, et al.
205. Conservation Tillage, Pesticide Use, and Biotech Crops in the U.S.A.
     (2010) Fernandez-Cornejo J, et al.
206. Resource-Conserving Agriculture Increases Yields in Developing Countries
     (2006) Pretty JN, et al.
207. A Meta Analysis on Farm-Level Costs and Benefits of GM Crops
     (2011) Finger R, et al.
208. Insect-resistant biotech crops and their impacts on beneficial arthropods
     (2011) Bell HA, Edwards MG, Ferry N, Gatehouse AMR
209. The Production and Price Impact of Biotech Crops
     (2010) Brookes G, et al.
210. GM crops: global socio-economic and environmental impacts 1996- 2009
     (2011) Barfoot P, Brookes G
211. The social-environmental benefits of biotechnology in Brazil: 1996/97 to 2009/10
     (2011) Anonymous
212. Bacillus thuringiensis: a century of research, development and commercial applications
     (2011) Sanahuja G, et al.
213. Impacts of GM crops on biodiversity
     (2011) Carpenter JE
214. Bacillus thuringiensis as a specific, safe, and effective tool for insect pest control.
     (2007) Choi JY, Je YH., Jin BR, Li MS, Roh JY
215. Does the use of transgenic plants diminish or promote biodiversity?
     (2010) Raven PH
216. Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2010
     (2010) James C
217. Intellectual property rights, private investment in research, and productivity growth in Indian agriculture
     (2010) Cavalieri AJ, Kolady DE, Spielman DJ
218. Needs for and environmental risks from transgenic crops in the developing world
     (2010) Gressel J
219. Ethical arguments relevant to the use of GM crops
     (2010) Weale A
220. Food insecurity, hunger and malnutrition: necessary policy and technology changes.
     (2010) von Braun J
221. Benefits of genetically modified crops for the poor: household income, nutrition, and health
     (2010) Qaim M
222. Genetically modified myths and realities
     (NULL) Parrott W
223. GMO foods and crops: Africa’s choice
     (2010) Paarlberg R
224. Inactivation of allergens and toxins
     (2010) Morandini P
225. Modifying agricultural crops for improved nutrition
     (2010) McGloughlin MN
226. Trade and commerce in improved crops and food: an essay on food security.
     (2010) Kershen DL
227. Knowledge and technologies for sustainable intensification of food production.”
     (2010) Flavell R
228. The past, present and future of crop genetic modification
     (2010) Fedoroff NV
229. Transgenic crops coping with water scarcity
     (2010) Cominelli E, Tonelli C
230. Genetic engineering compared to natural genetic variations.
     (2010) Arber W
231. Economic impacts of policies affecting crop biotechnology and trade
     (2010) Anderson K
232. Coexistence of genetically modified and non-genetically modified maize: making the point on scientific evidence and commercial experience
     (2006)
233. Igniting Agricultural Innovation
     (2009) Chassy BM, Giddings LV
234. Greenhouse gas mitigation by agricultural intensification
     (2010) Burney JA, Davis SJ, Lobell DB
235. Emerging Trends in Indian Agriculture: What Can We Learn from these?
     (2009) Gulati A
236. Peer-reviewed surveys indicate positive impact of commercialized GM crops
     (2010) Carpenter JE
237. The humanitarian impact of plant biotechnology: recent breakthroughs vs bottlenecks for adoption
     (2009) Farre G, et al.
238. Reaping the benefits: Science and the sustainable intensification of global agriculture
     (2009) The Royal Society
239. Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2009 The first fourteen years, 1996 to 2009
     (2009) James C
240. The Economics of Genetically Modified Crops
     (2009) Quaim M
241. Projected Impacts of Agricultural Biotechnologies for Fruits & Vegetables in the Philipines and Indonesia
     (2009) Hautea DM, Norton GW
242. World Development Report 2010 – Development and Climate Change
     (2009) The World Bank
243. The role of biotechnology for agricultural sustainability in Africa
     (2008) Thomson JA
244. Economic impacts of GM crops in Australia
     (2008) Acworth W, Curtotti R, Yainshet A
245. Genetically Engineered Plants and Foods: A Scientist’s Analysis of the Issues (Part I)
     (2008) Lemaux PG
246. Transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins and biological control.
     (2006) Bigler F, Meissle M, Romeis J
247. Application for the placing on the market of glyphosate tolerant genetically modified cotton GHB614, for food and feed uses, import and processing
     (2009) European Food Safety Authority
248. Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2008
     (2008) James C
249. Bioengineered Crops as Tools for International Development: Opportunities and Strategic Considerations
     (2008) Gregory P, et al.
250. Comparing the performance of official and unofficial genetically modified cotton in India
     (2005) Bennet RM, Ismael Y, Morse S
251. Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2006 (ISAAA Briefs No 35)
     (2006) James C
252. Crop Biotechnology and the Future of Food:A Scientific Assessment
     (2005) Committee
253. Agricultural biotechnology in developing countries: a briefing paper for Sida
     (2004) Bhagavan MR, Virgin I.
254. The Payoffs to Agricultural Biotechnology: An Assessment of the Evidence
     (2002) Alston JM, Marra MC, Pardey PG
255. The economic impacts of biotechnology-based technological innovations. ESA Working Paper No. 04-08.
     (2004) Brookes G
256. The state of food and agriculture. Agricultural biotechnology: meeting the needs of the poor?
     (2004) F.A.O.